{"id":569,"date":"2020-11-03T12:39:22","date_gmt":"2020-11-03T11:39:22","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/shabazz.fr\/?page_id=569"},"modified":"2020-11-03T13:36:38","modified_gmt":"2020-11-03T12:36:38","slug":"cossacks-piquiers","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"http:\/\/shabazz.fr\/?page_id=569","title":{"rendered":"Cossacks \u2013 Piquiers"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p> Le tir au mousquet \u00e9tait un processus long, pour des r\u00e9sultats  al\u00e9atoires. Des piquiers furent donc ainsi ajout\u00e9s aux unit\u00e9s de mousquetaires pour les d\u00e9fendre contre la cavalerie.  Pendant la Guerre de Trente Ans, les piquiers constitu\u00e8rent environ 30%  des arm\u00e9es. Ils furent \u00e9galement les derni\u00e8res unit\u00e9s r\u00e9guli\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes \u00e0  \u00eatre \u00e9quip\u00e9es de cuirasses. L&#8217;armure du piquier se composait d&#8217;un casque  en acier, d&#8217;une cuirasse compl\u00e8te jusqu&#8217;aux genoux et coudes et de  gantelets longs. L&#8217;ensemble pesait pr\u00e8s de 20 kilos et prot\u00e9geait son  porteur contre les fl\u00e8ches,  les balles de pistolets tir\u00e9es \u00e0 plus de 3-4 m\u00e8tres et  m\u00eame des balles de mousquets tir\u00e9es \u00e0 longue distance. Les piquiers  \u00e9taient \u00e9quip\u00e9s d&#8217;\u00e9p\u00e9es et de piques en bois longues de 5 \u00e0 6 m\u00e8tres. Tr\u00e8s  efficaces en formation, ils furent employ\u00e9s en attaque et en d\u00e9fense  jusqu&#8217;au XVIIe si\u00e8cle. En 1674, ils jou\u00e8rent un r\u00f4le essentiel \u00e0 la bataille d&#8217;Entzheim,  o\u00f9 la cavalerie germanique refusa de charger les piquiers en carr\u00e9 de  Turenne. Cependant, le d\u00e9veloppement des armes \u00e0 feu les rel\u00e9gua peu \u00e0 peu  \u00e0  un r\u00f4le strictement d\u00e9fensif. L&#8217;armure disparut et les soldats  gagn\u00e8rent en mobilit\u00e9. Toutes  les arm\u00e9es europ\u00e9ennes commenc\u00e8rent \u00e0 refuser d&#8217;employer  des piquiers, puis les arm\u00e8rent de pistolets et, parfois, de mousquets.  Au XVIIIe si\u00e8cle, ils ne portaient plus qu&#8217;un uniforme simple (un surcot,  une camisole en peu de mouton, etc.) avec, en cas de temps froid, une  cape. Les piquiers s&#8217;organisaient en groupes de 6 rangs. Ils \u00e9taient  arrang\u00e9s de fa\u00e7on \u00e0 permettre aux mousquetaires de se replier derri\u00e8re  eux puis \u00e0 les encadrer dans une formation serr\u00e9e en carr\u00e9 pour les prot\u00e9ger des  charges de cavalerie. Avec le temps, les piques furent remplac\u00e9es par  des ba\u00efonnettes, pratiques pour le combat au corps \u00e0 corps, mais pas  aussi efficaces. En fait, les piquiers rest\u00e8rent pendant plusieurs  si\u00e8cles la meilleure unit\u00e9 d&#8217;infanterie pour le combat rapproch\u00e9.                 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"532\" height=\"336\" src=\"http:\/\/shabazz.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/image-63.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-574\" srcset=\"http:\/\/shabazz.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/image-63.png 532w, http:\/\/shabazz.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/image-63-300x189.png 300w, http:\/\/shabazz.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/image-63-238x150.png 238w, http:\/\/shabazz.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/image-63-150x95.png 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 532px) 100vw, 532px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"535\" height=\"321\" src=\"http:\/\/shabazz.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/image-64.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-575\" srcset=\"http:\/\/shabazz.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/image-64.png 535w, http:\/\/shabazz.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/image-64-300x180.png 300w, http:\/\/shabazz.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/image-64-250x150.png 250w, http:\/\/shabazz.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/image-64-150x90.png 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 535px) 100vw, 535px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"529\" height=\"318\" src=\"http:\/\/shabazz.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/image-65.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-576\" srcset=\"http:\/\/shabazz.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/image-65.png 529w, http:\/\/shabazz.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/image-65-300x180.png 300w, http:\/\/shabazz.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/image-65-250x150.png 250w, http:\/\/shabazz.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/image-65-150x90.png 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 529px) 100vw, 529px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"520\" height=\"283\" src=\"http:\/\/shabazz.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/image-66.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-577\" srcset=\"http:\/\/shabazz.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/image-66.png 520w, http:\/\/shabazz.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/image-66-300x163.png 300w, http:\/\/shabazz.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/image-66-250x136.png 250w, http:\/\/shabazz.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/image-66-150x82.png 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 520px) 100vw, 520px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"527\" height=\"338\" src=\"http:\/\/shabazz.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/image-67.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-578\" srcset=\"http:\/\/shabazz.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/image-67.png 527w, http:\/\/shabazz.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/image-67-300x192.png 300w, http:\/\/shabazz.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/image-67-234x150.png 234w, http:\/\/shabazz.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/image-67-150x96.png 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 527px) 100vw, 527px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"533\" height=\"368\" src=\"http:\/\/shabazz.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/image-68.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-579\" srcset=\"http:\/\/shabazz.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/image-68.png 533w, http:\/\/shabazz.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/image-68-300x207.png 300w, http:\/\/shabazz.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/image-68-217x150.png 217w, http:\/\/shabazz.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/image-68-150x104.png 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 533px) 100vw, 533px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"524\" height=\"300\" src=\"http:\/\/shabazz.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/image-69.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-580\" srcset=\"http:\/\/shabazz.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/image-69.png 524w, http:\/\/shabazz.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/image-69-300x172.png 300w, http:\/\/shabazz.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/image-69-250x143.png 250w, http:\/\/shabazz.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/image-69-150x86.png 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 524px) 100vw, 524px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"531\" height=\"313\" src=\"http:\/\/shabazz.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/image-70.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-581\" srcset=\"http:\/\/shabazz.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/image-70.png 531w, http:\/\/shabazz.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/image-70-300x177.png 300w, http:\/\/shabazz.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/image-70-250x147.png 250w, http:\/\/shabazz.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/image-70-150x88.png 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 531px) 100vw, 531px\" \/><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Le tir au mousquet \u00e9tait un processus long, pour des r\u00e9sultats al\u00e9atoires. Des piquiers furent donc ainsi ajout\u00e9s aux unit\u00e9s de mousquetaires pour les d\u00e9fendre contre la cavalerie. Pendant la Guerre de Trente Ans, les piquiers constitu\u00e8rent environ 30% des arm\u00e9es. Ils furent \u00e9galement les derni\u00e8res unit\u00e9s r\u00e9guli\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes \u00e0 \u2026 <a class=\"continue-reading-link\" href=\"http:\/\/shabazz.fr\/?page_id=569\"> Continue reading <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr; <\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":528,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-569","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/shabazz.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/569","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/shabazz.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/shabazz.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/shabazz.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/shabazz.fr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=569"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"http:\/\/shabazz.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/569\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":583,"href":"http:\/\/shabazz.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/569\/revisions\/583"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/shabazz.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/528"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/shabazz.fr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=569"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}